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Metabolic Syndrome > Vitamins

Health Condition

Metabolic Syndrome

  • Anthocyanins

    Taking anthocyanins may help people with metabolic syndrome achieve better blood glucose control and normalize triglyceride and cholesterol levels.

    Dose:

    > 400 mg daily
    Anthocyanins
    ×
    Anthocyanins are pigments found in many berries, as well as in other fruits and vegetables. Findings from a clinical trial in healthy and metabolic syndrome-affected subjects suggest anthocyanin supplementation may improve metabolic function in part by reducing inflammation.10 A meta-analysis of 32 randomized controlled trials, with a total of 1,491 participants with metabolic syndrome or its components, found anthocyanins can improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and may be more effective at doses exceeding 400 mg per day.11

  • Berberine

    Clinical trials have shown berberine can benefit all aspects of metabolic syndrome.

    Dose:

    500 mg three times daily
    Berberine
    ×

    Berberine is an alkaloid found in several medicinal plants, such as goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), barberry (Berberis vulgaris), Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium), and goldthread (Coptis chinensis). Results from laboratory research and clinical trials indicate berberine may have a positive impact on metabolic disorders including obesity, high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, insulin resistance, high blood glucose levels and type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure.12,13 Some evidence suggests berberine may help people with metabolic syndrome by stimulating healthy function of adipose (fat) tissue.14,15

    One controlled trial included 80 participants with metabolic syndrome; specifically, all of the participants had high blood pressure, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol and triglyceride levels. All participants were treated conventionally, and half also received berberine at a dose not specified in the published report. After one month, measures of blood glucose control, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and systemic inflammation had improved more in those given berberine.16 A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 24 participants affected by metabolic syndrome found 500 mg of berberine three times daily for three months led to decreased waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride levels, and increased insulin sensitivity.17

  • Cinnamon

    Cinnamon has been shown to improve all aspects of metabolic syndrome.

    Dose:

    1 to 3 grams daily
    Cinnamon
    ×
    Because cinnamon and cinnamon extracts have demonstrated benefits in people with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, it has potential benefits in people with metabolic syndrome.18,19 A placebo-controlled trial that included 116 participants with metabolic syndrome found 3 grams of cinnamon per day for 16 weeks improved blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, as well as waist circumference, blood pressure, and blood glucose control.20 In a randomized controlled trial, cinnamon reduced signs of metabolic disease in people with type 2 diabetes: after eight weeks, study participants receiving 3 grams of cinnamon per day had lower blood glucose levels, triglyceride levels, body weight, and body fat, and improved blood glucose control.21 Similarly, in a placebo-controlled trial with 140 participants with diabetes, taking 1 gram of cinnamon daily for three months improved glucose and lipid metabolism and was associated with body fat and weight loss, with stronger effects in those with more severe obesity.22 Placebo-controlled trials in people with type 2 diabetes show cinnamon can reduce high blood pressure in people with metabolic disease.23,24 Furthermore, a meta-analysis of controlled trials showed cinnamon can also reduce high blood pressure, with greatest efficacy when used at a dose of 2 grams per day or less for at least 12 weeks.25

  • Glucomannan

    Taking a glucomannan fiber supplement may improve metabolic syndrome.

    Dose:

    3 to 10 grams daily
    Glucomannan
    ×
    Glucomannan, a type of water-soluble dietary fiber from the root of the konjac plant, may reduce risk factors in people with metabolic syndrome. A double-blind trial found that 8–13 grams per day of glucomannan improved cholesterol levels and blood glucose control in people with metabolic syndrome.26 It is thought to work in part by acting as a prebiotic fiber, enhancing colonies of beneficial gut bacteria that participate in regulating metabolism.27 Even in patients with type 2 diabetes, 3 grams of glucomannan per day for four weeks improved blood glucose control and lipid metabolism compared to placebo.28

  • Green Tea

    Strong evidence indicates green tea and black tea extracts can help individuals with metabolic syndrome reduce body weight, lower blood glucose levels, and raise HDL-cholesterol levels.

    Dose:

    600 to 900 mg of tea catechins daily
    Green Tea
    ×
    Drinking tea has been associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome, and both green and black tea extracts, as well as the green tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have demonstrated positive effects in people with metabolic syndrome.29,30 One meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials involving people with obesity and metabolic syndrome concluded consuming a green tea catechin-rich beverage reduces abdominal fat accumulation and improves metabolic status.31 A large meta-analysis of studies pooled findings from 16 controlled trials with a combined total of 1,090 participants with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The results showed that, while the evidence for green tea extract is stronger than that for black, both green and black tea extracts help lower blood glucose levels, raise HDL (“good”)-cholesterol levels, and reduce body mass index, but have no impact on blood pressure, triglycerides, or other cholesterol levels.32 Most studies finding beneficial metabolic effects used 600–900 mg of tea catechins per day for at least 12 weeks. It is important to note liver toxicity has been associated with the use of very high doses of green tea extracts.30

  • Guar Gum

    Taking a guar gum fiber supplement may improve metabolic syndrome.

    Dose:

    3 to 10 grams daily
    Guar Gum
    ×
    Guar gum, another fiber supplement with similar properties to glucomannan, may also have metabolic benefits. A controlled trial in which subjects with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome were given 10 grams per day of guar gum or placebo found those given guar gum had improved blood glucose control and reduced waist circumference after six weeks.33 Healthy men given the same dose of guar gum for six weeks were also reported to have experienced improvements in aspects of metabolic syndrome, including blood pressure and glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.34 Another preliminary trial noted taking 4 grams of guar flour twice daily reduced insulin resistance, decreased total and LDL-cholesterol levels, and increased HDL-cholesterol levels in men with type 2 diabetes.35
What Are Star Ratings
×
Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a substantial health benefit.
Contradictory, insufficient, or preliminary studies suggesting a health benefit or minimal health benefit.
For an herb, supported by traditional use but minimal or no scientific evidence. For a supplement, little scientific support.

References

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